Symmetric and Asymmetric key Encryption

In the previous chapters we saw how to use symmetric key and asymmetric key methods to secure data. In this chapter we will see how we can combine the two methods to enhance the security of data.
In this example we are first encrypting the message by symmetric key. But instead of sending the symmetric key as it is to the other party we are encrypting the symmetric itself with the public key of the other party and than sending the symmetric key and message. The other party will first decrypt the symmetric key using the private key it has and than will decrypt the message with the decrypted symmetric key.
This adds more security.


Below video explains the symmetric key Encryption

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;

import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;


public class SymmetricAsymmetric {

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  //Generate Symmetric key
  KeyGenerator generator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
  generator.init(128);
  SecretKey key = generator.generateKey();
  byte[] symmetricKey =key.getEncoded();
  System.out.println("key : "+symmetricKey);
  
  //Generate private key public key pair
  KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
  keyPairGenerator.initialize(1024);
  KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
  PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
  PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
  
  
  
  //Encrypt Data by symmetric key
  String encryptedData = encryptWithAESKey("My Secured Message", symmetricKey);
  System.out.println("Encrypted Data : " + encryptedData);
  
  //Encrypt symmetric key by public key
  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
  String encryptedkey =Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(symmetricKey));
  
  //Send message and key to other user having private key
  
  //Decrypt symmetric Key by private key
  Cipher dipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");

  dipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
  byte[] decryptedSymmetricKey =dipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(encryptedkey));
  
  //Decrypt encrypted Data by decrypted symmetric key
  System.out.println("Decrypted Data : " +decryptWithAESKey(encryptedData, decryptedSymmetricKey));

 }



 public static String encryptWithAESKey(String data, byte[] key) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException,
   InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
  SecretKey secKey = new SecretKeySpec(key,"AES");

  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
  
  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secKey);
  byte[] newData = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());
  
  return Base64.encodeBase64String(newData);
 }

 public static String decryptWithAESKey(String inputData, byte[] key) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
   NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException {
  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
  SecretKey secKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");

  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secKey);
  byte[] newData = cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(inputData.getBytes()));
  return new String(newData);

 }


}